Based on poems by John Milton, with a libretto by Charles Jennens and James Harris, this pastoral ode presents three allegorical figures — Joy, Melancholy and Moderation — offering a deep reflection on the contrasts of human experience.

Composed in less than one month during a harsh winter, the work is notable for its inventiveness, orchestral richness, and constant evocation of nature.

The music gives voice to opposing states of mind without resorting to caricature: joy is not always bright, nor melancholy always sombre.

The third part, added by Jennens, proposes an ideal of balance, culminating in the sublime duet As steals the morn upon the night. Neither oratorio nor serenade, L’Allegro is a unique creation — an allegorical hymn in the form of a poetic concert.